Spain battles climate change on several fronts
A summer of wildfires and heatwaves underlines the threats to the country's economy.
In a small green meadow in the Gredos mountains, west of Madrid, a couple of dozen cows belonging to Juan Ángel Izquierdo and his family are grazing. The only noise is the gentle clang of the bells around the animals' necks.
This would be an idyllic scene were it not for the blackened pine and oak trees all around, the legacy of a devastating recent wildfire.
"It was immense, I've never seen anything like it," says Izquierdo, whose family have been farming here for 200 years.
Yet there are signs that the heat is becoming too much for some travellers. A study by researchers at Madrid's Rey Juan Carlos University found that it can as a deterrent to potential visitors., external